
Triangulation
“a perfect formulation of a problem is already half of a solution”, David Hilbert mathematician
use multiple data resources to triangulate the problem with the user experience.
Remember to use multiple research methods to see whether or not it identifies numerous problems because the same issue keeps recurring.
Example of multiple data sources is card sorting, usability testing, analytics and online surveys.
“Laws are like sausages, and it is better not to see them being made” Otto von Bismarck‘s
Affinity Diagrams.
Jiro Kawakita devised affinity diagrams and was an ethnographer, a pioneer in the participation of remote Nepalese villagers in researching their problems, resulting in practical benefits of portable water supplies and rapid rope-way transport across mountain gorges. He was awarded the Ramon Magsaysay Award in 1984.
Affinity diagrams are sometimes called the K-J Method.
Brainstorm the information that your team or organisation has required. Once all info is on Post-it notes, arrange them as a team into the relevant groupings.
Try to fix these five problems overall process is not clear, deal-breakers to be answered, behaviours, context and negative emotions use others if a pliable.
Be descriptive with post-it notes
affinity diagrams take between 15 minutes to 60 minutes to complete

Customer Journey Maps
document the customer journey even if the journey goes outside of our software/website.
Personas
the goal of personas is to end feature debates
avoid self-referential design
challenge assumptions
introduce objective data
provides a target for designers
build empathy for the users; we make products for people, not for machines
context, goals, behaviours, and design goals must go into the persona to understand who they are, their level of knowledge and their behaviours.
Do not create bull shite personas; they are fictional but must be based on data.

Customer Value Curve
competitive analysis tool
from customers perspectives
helps identifies competitive gaps
helps identify diffractions
think of a bank’s systems and the way it’s run; there are the legacy banks and new, more modern banks that use up-to-date technology and run in a lean-agile manner; both have drawbacks and positive outcomes.
functionality
Security
Usability
Flexibility
Trust
Stability
Mobile
multi-channel
Empathy Maps
the user and the five quadrants what the user says, what the user thinks, what the user feels, what the user does, and what the user’s goals are.
Categories of empathy mapping
· What users want to know
· Mismatched mental models
· Benefits they are unaware of
· Things that confuse them
· The pain points when signing up
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